Passage Two

　　Both civilization and culture are fairly modern words, having come into prominent use during the 19th century by anthropologists（人类学家）, historians, and literary figures. There has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably as though they mean the same thing，but they are not the same.

　　…… Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, is the ability of people to live together harmoniously in cities, in social groupings……

　　The word culture is derived from the Latin verb colere, till the soil. But colere also has a wider range of meanings. It may, like civis, mean inhabiting a town or village. But most of its definitions suggest a process of starting and promoting growth and development. One may cultivate a garden; ……

　　One of the basic and best-know features of civi1ization and culture is the presence of tools. But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being improved and enlarged upon, a result of creativity. It took thousands of years to get from the first whee1 to the 1atest, most advanced model of automobile.

　　It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improvers that differentiates them from other animals. A monkey may use a stick to knock a banana from a tree, but that stick will never, through a monkey’s cleverness, be modified into a hook or a ladder. ……

　　36. What does the author think of the words “civilization”, and “culture”?

　　A. They are identical.

　　B. They are different concepts.

　　C. They can often be 1used interchangeable.

　　D. They are defined differently by different people.

　　37. According to the author the word “civilization” originally refers to ______.

　　A. people’s way of life in cities.

　　B. people’s ability to live together in cities.

　　C. a type of social organizations

　　D. an advanced level of social life

　　38. The Latin verb colere originally means “______”

　　A. live in a city.

　　B. develop oneself

　　C. promote growth

　　D. cultivate the land

　　39. The author believes that creativity ______.

　　A. is a unique feature of civilized beings

　　B. brings forth the improvement of tools

　　C. is the result of human development

　　D. helps the advance of culture

　　40. The author mentions monkeys in the last paragraph to show that ______.

　　A. monkeys are the same as birds

　　B. people once 1ived in caves like monkeys

　　C. monkeys can never develop into human beings

　　D. man is different from other animals such as monkeys

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