Part III  Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 25 points, 1 for each)

　　Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

　　Passage One

　　Benjamin Franklin, whose 298-th birthday anniversary we celebrate on the 17-th of this month, was 70 years old when he undertook the most difficult task of his life. He was 72 when he negotiated the treaty of alliance with France, which made victory and independence possible.

　　Franklin was 76 years old when he negotiated the peace treaty with Great Britain, and at 81 he organized America's first anti-slavery society.

　　What makes a man obsolete? Franklin never became obsolete (过时无用的). With him, life began again at 70, for then he commenced a new and hazardous career. While in France he was not only a diplomat, but he created the American navy, financed the Revolution, and acted as judge in prize courts.

　　Some business concerns make it a rule that when a man reaches a certain age he must retire. They throw away matured experience. England held on to Disraeli and to Gladstone and to Balfour of our own day as long as they lived. Their value could never be measured by years. Their value lay in their eternal youth.

　　Who knows when age has come upon another? Is it gray hair? A faltering step? A stooping posture? Or is it when the mind loses virility(男性特征)? And where is the sage who can speak with real wisdom in his early thirties?

　　Let no young man mock at the men of years, for tomorrow passes and yet another day is gone. Each individual too soon finds that the calendar has to be torn, and a new one takes its place.

　　But each of us is ambitious to remain everlastingly youthful?to play gaily at 60, to be interested in all of life at 70, to keep one's wits at 80. Years are the artificial qualities of calendar makers. If the spirit is young, the years are not even remembered. If the spirit remains young, one can sing a song at 80 as at 18?but at 80 it will have more meaning.

　　31. The author of the passage mentions what Benjamin Franklin had done when he was over 70 in order to ___________.

　　A. praise his greatness

　　B. remind the readers not to forget his merits in American revolution

　　C. encourage readers to learn his selfless spirit in serving his country

　　D. teach readers to defy old age problem

　　32. While working in France as a diplomat B. Franklin __________.

　　A.prepared the American navy, collected donations for the American navy and worked for the prize court

　　B.organized the American anti-slavery society, collected donations for the American Revolution and started a complete new career

　　C.organized donations for the American navy, served as a judge in prize court and negotiated the peace treaty

　　D.talked with Great Britain for a peace treaty, worked as a judge in prize court and built the American navy

　　33. Another way to express the meaning of the sentence “Some business concerns make it a rule that when a man reaches a certain age he must retire” is _____________.

　　A.It is a commonly accepted social custom that a man has to get retired at a certain age

　　B.Nobody can deny the old age problem even if he is a great man in the society

　　C.Though old age can be a problem, some great people can be an exception and therefore can work on without the need to get retired

　　D.To get retired at a certain age is a problem no more than some business concerns

　　34. From the context we can guess Disraeli and to Gladstone and to Balfour ______________.

　　A. are important figures in Great Britain

　　B. are some other examples in greatness like B. Franklin

　　C. are some other examples tirelessly working in defying old age

　　D. are some famous people of eternal youth

　　35. The best title of this passage should be ____________.

　　A.  Franklin Is Great with a Spirit of Eternal Youth

　　B.  Youth Can Be Made Eternal if One Can Keep It

　　C.  Calendar Makers Can Be Defied if You Dare

　　D  One Can Keep One's Wits at 80

　　Passage 2

　　Industrial psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers and to the promotion of efficient working conditions and techniques, as well as individual job satisfaction.

　　The selection of workers for particular jobs is essentially a problem of discovering the special aptitudes and techniques, and personality characteristics needed for the job and of devising tests to determine whether candidates have such aptitudes and characteristics. The development of tests of this kind has long been a field of psychological research. Once the worker is on the job and has been trained, the fundamental aim of the industrial psychologist is to find ways in which a particular job can best be accomplished with a minimum of effort and a maximum of individual satisfaction. The psychologist's function, therefore, differs from that of the so-called efficiency expert, who places primary emphasis on increased production. Psychological techniques used to lessen the effort involved in a given job include a detailed study of the motion required to do the job, the equipment used, and the conditions under which the job is performed. After making such a study, the industrial psychologist often determines that the job in question may be accomplished with less effort by changing the routine motions of the work itself, changing or moving the tools, improving the working conditions, or a combination of several of these methods.

　　Industrial psychologists have also studied the effects of fatigue on workers to determine the length of working time that yields the greatest productivity. In some cases such studies have proven that total production on particular jobs could be increased by reducing the number of working hours or by increasing the number of rest periods, or "breaks", during the day. Industrial psychologists may also suggest less direct requirements for general improvement of job performance, such as establishing a better line of communication between employees and management.

　　36. From the first sentence of the passage, we learn that the primary objective of

　　industrial psychology is to study________.

　　A working efficiency that leads to tile highest output

　　B the working skills and the working environment

　　C the techniques leading to the highest productivity

　　D the use of workers to get tile greatest profit

　　37. A test in industrial psychology is used to find out _________.

　　A a worker's achievements

　　B. a worker's potential for a certain job

　　C. a worker's psychological problem

　　D. a worker's motivation for a certain job

　　38. The industrial psychologist's function differs from that of the efficiency experts

　　in that the former _________.

　　A. places great emphasis on maximum production

　　B. never cares about the increase of production

　　C. is mainly concerned with workers' satisfaction

　　D. worries a lot about those workers in poor working conditions

　　39.In an industrial psychologist's mind, all of the following is important except _______.

　　A. tile steps in which work is clone

　　B. the state of mind of a worker when working

　　C. the effect of working environment on a worker

　　D. the value of the product a worker is making

　　40. It is certain that _________.

　　A. two breaks in a day lead to higher productivity than one

　　B. working less hours can yield the highest efficiency

　　C. communication is increasing between the employers and employees

　　D. changing tools will help increase the production

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