1． abandon   vt.  放弃；遗弃，抛弃；离弃，丢弃

　　abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事

　　He abandoned smoking. 他戒烟了。

　　abandon oneself to sth. (/be addicted to)

　　He abandoned himself to computer games.他沉溺于电脑游戏中。

　　相关词汇或短语对比：

　　abandon 常指因迫不得已而放弃; 放弃对物或人的拥有的权力，强调永远且完全地“放弃”

　　They had to abandon the ship when the fire got out of control.

　　She has abandoned the bad habit.

　　desert “舍弃，抛弃”，强调违背诺言，逃避义务，书面意味较浓。

　　He deserted his wife and went abroad.

　　give up “放弃”，多用于口语，后接物时可以与abandon通用

　　give up smoking / one’s hope

　　quit  “放弃，停止” 指突然放弃习惯，做法或权力

　　quit one’s job

　　quit smoking

　　常接动名词的动词有：abandon, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, bear, can’t help, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, endure, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, feel like, finish, involve, mind, miss,  permit, practise, quit, resist, risk.

　　2. abide by  正式用语，“忠于，遵守”

　　I’ll abide by my promise (decision).

　　He has to abide by the consequences. 他必须忍受后果。（只用于指不良后果）

　　obey   “服从，执行，遵守”，指人或命令

　　obey an officer,   obey orders

　　confirm with “遵守”（条约或任命）

　　The government had to comfirmed with the treaty.

　　They were willing to confirm with the appointment.

　　3. abolish  “废除，革除” 指战争，奴役，旧习俗

　　Negro slavery was abolished.

　　We have to abolish the old customs, such as feudal superstiton.

　　eliminate  “除去，淘汰，剔除”    eliminate sth. from…

　　We have to eliminate the informal words from the paper.

　　They eliminated the possibility that he did not get the news

　　get/be rid of sth./sb. “摆脱，解脱，除去”

　　People in Beijing try hard to get rid of the cockroaches.

　　How can we get rid of this unwelcome visitor?

　　4. abundant/plentiful “很多的，丰富的，充裕的”

　　They have abundant proof of his guilt.

　　be abundant/rich in “富裕，富有”

　　Shanxi Province is abundant in coal.

　　This area is abundant in fruit.

　　plenty of    “大量的，丰富的”

　　There are plenty of books for CET Band Four.

　　We must get to the airport in plenty of time.

　　enough  “足够的，足够地”

　　We have enough time to get to the airport.

　　He is tall enough to reach the dictionary on the shelf.

　　5. access   n. “接近…的权利（方法或机会等）；通道，入口；接近，进入”

　　As a reporter, he has access to the president.

　　The only access to the village is by climbing the mountain.

　　gain/have access to sth. 可获得，接近；利用…的权力（机会）

　　With the rapid development of IT and information industry, a lot of people have access to mobile phones.

　　（四六级 研究生考试考过）

　　excess   n.  &   adj

　　an excess of  “超过，过度”   an excess of input over output

　　in excess of   “多余，超过”  Lugguage in excess of 60 kg will be charged at the airport.

　　to excess   “过度” She is kind to excess.

　　He has to pay excess fare for his lugguage.

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