词汇的基本意义和延伸意义

　　语言中，任何一个词都有其基本意义和延伸意义。基本意义是指一个词的本来意思； 延伸意义是指该词在特定的上下文中产生的意思。比如wave 这个词的基本意义是“波浪”， 但是当它在句子“The flag is waving in the wind.”中， 它的本来词义就在这个特定的上下文中得到了延伸，从而，它有“飘动”或“飘扬”的意思，这就是它的延伸意义。再比如rank 一词，

　　The men marched forward in ranks of fours

　　He held the rank of captain.

　　This tennis player was at that time ranked third in the world.

　　因此，在学习词汇时，我们首先要准确地把握一个词的基本意义，然后在语言实践中要注意扩充这个词的延伸意义。

　　81. deteriorate   v.  使变坏，变质，恶化   worsen

　　Leather quickly deteriorates in a hot, damp climate.

　　The patient’s condition has deteriorated ince the operation.

　　Drinking more alcohole is deteriorating his health.

　　82. differentiate    vt. 区别，辨别，  distinguish      tell from

　　The report doesn’t differentiate the two aspects of the problem.

　　He is too young to differentiate the right and the wrong.

　　She can’t differentiate colors.

　　83. diminish    v.  使变小，使减少，缩小   make smaller

　　A war can diminish a country’s wealth.

　　His illness dimished his strength.

　　The amount of water in the river diminished as the dry season continued.

　　84. disguise   vt.  伪装，假扮

　　disguise sb. as   扮成。。。

　　He can disguise his looks but he can’t disguise his voice.

　　Mulan disguised herself as a man to join the army instead of her father.

　　The man disguised himself as a woman by wearing a wig.

　　85. disposal   n.  处理，除去    dealing with

　　My boss approve of my disposal of the files.

　　His disposal of the difficulty pleases us.

　　at one’s disposal 由某人掌握，控制，使用

　　The whole company is at his disposal.

　　I put my car at your disposal this weekend.

　　The rest of day is at my disposal for window shopping.

　　86. disrupt   vt.  分裂（指国家，帝国，交通或其他无形之物），使混乱   confuse

　　The rebellion desrupted the country.

　　The disagreement disrupted the association.

　　He disrupted our arrangement.

　　Flood disrupted river traffic.

　　A special report disrupted regular programming.

　　87. distort    vt.   使变形，扭曲，歪曲，曲解

　　A curved mirror distorts the features.

　　Crying distorted her face.

　　You have distorted my motives.

　　He gave a distorted account of what had happened.

　　88. diverse    adj.  种类不同的，多种多样的     different

　　Mary and her twin sister have diverse interests.

　　People in Europe speak diverse languages.

　　The wild life in Africa is extremely diverse.

　　There are diverse ways to solve the problem.

　　Peter and I have diverse ideas on how to raise fish.

　　89. drain away the water    把水排掉

　　Diltches are dug to drain away the water.

　　The river drains into the sea.

　　引申意义

　　His strength drained away.

　　His fortune was draining away.

　　90 dreadful   adj.   可怕的   terrible

　　Earthquakes can cause dreadful disasters.

　　The weather was so dreadful that we had to stay at home.

　　His laziness led to the dreadful results in the final examinations.

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