Mothers have always claimed that they could see their newborns looking at them as they held them, despite what they have been told. The experts who thought that perception (知觉) had to await physical development and the consequence of action were wrong for several reasons. Earlier research techniques were less sophisticated than they are today. Physical skills were once used to indicate perception of objects-skills like visual tracking and reaching for an object, both of which the newborn does poorly. Then, too, assumptions that the newborn’s eye and brain were too immature for anything as sophisticated as pattern recognition caused opposing data to be thrown away. Since perception of form was widely believed to follow perception of more “basic” qualities such as color and brightness, the possibility of its presence from birth was rejected.

　　51. What does a newborn baby like to see most’?

　　A) Bright colors.

　　B) Circular patterns.

　　C) Stripes and angles.

　　D) Various shapes.（B）

　　52. The newborn pays more attention to a human face than any other kind of objects because ________.

　　A) he sees a human face more often than any other kind of pattern

　　B) he has an inherent ability to regard a human being as helpful

　　C) a human face is the most complex pattern he can see

　　D) a human face is often accompanied by a pleasant voice（A）

　　53. Contrary to what they believe, mothers have been told that newborns ________.

　　A) care little about a human face

　　B) can’t track their movements

　　C) can’t see their faces

　　D) can easily perceive brightness（C）

　　54. In earlier researches on the newborn’s perception, scientists ________.

　　A) ignored evidence contrary to their assumptions

　　B) believed that perception of form comes before perception of color and brightness

　　C) opposed throwing away effective data

　　D) proved that physical skills come after visual perception（C）

　　55. The main idea of the passage is that ________.

　　A) research techniques are of vital importance scientific investigation

　　B) the findings of earlier scientific researchers often prove wrong

　　C) newborns can perceive forms from birth

　　D) more often than not the claims of mothers are reliable（A）

　　Part IV  Close (10minutes, 10points)

　　Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. __56__ a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the __57__ in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The __58__ student is considered to be _59__ who is motivated (激励) to learn for the sake of _60__, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned _61_ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is __62__ for learning the material assigned. When research is

　　_63__, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with __64__ guidance. It is the _65__ responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain _66__ a university library works; they expect students, _67__ graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference __68_ in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but _69__ that their students should not be __70_ dependent on them.

　　56 A) If  B) Although  C) Because  D) Since（A）

　　57 A) suggestion  B) context  C) abstract  D) information（D）

　　58 A) poor  B) ideal  C) average  D) disappointed（B）

　　59 A) such  B) one  C) any  D) some（B）

　　60 A) fun  B) work C) learning  D) prize（C）

　　61 A) by  B) in  C) for  D) with（D）

　　62 A) criticized  B) innocent  C) responsible  D) dismissed（C）

　　63 A) collected  B) distributed  C) assigned  D) finished（C）

　　64 A) maximum  B) minimum  C) possible  D) practical（B）

　　65 A) student’s  B) professor’s  C) assistant’s  D) librarian’s（A）

　　66 A) when  B) hat  C) why  D) how（D）

　　67 A) particularly B) essentially C) obviously  D) rarely（A）

　　68 A) selections  B) collections C) sources  D) origins（C）

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